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2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

GWYNN 6L CLARK.l

Rening Oils.

Patented Aug. 25, 1868.

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Refining Oils.

vr\|0.81,1.96. Patented Aug. 25, 1868.

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2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

@einen gratos., steut @Hire STUART GWYNN, yOF NEW YORK, N. Y., AND SPENCER M. CLARK, OF WASHINGTON, DIS TRICT OF COLUMBIA, ASSIGNORS TO 'SPENCER M. CLARK, OF WASHINGTON, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.

Letters Patent No.v81,496, dated August 25, 1868.

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TO ALL WHOh-I IT MAYCONCERN:

13e it known that we, STUART GWYNN, of thcvcity, county, and Stat-e of New York, and SPENCER M. CLARK, ofthe city o f Washington, in the District of Columbia, have invented a new end iniproved Apparatus for the Purification of Oils; and we do hereby declare the following to be a full and exact deiription thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, in whiclilf Figure l is an isometric View of our apparatus.

Figure 2, a central vertical section through the upper tank thereof, and

Figure 3 a top view of said tank.

Figure 4, a similar section through the second tank.

Figure 5, a plan view of the steam-pipes in the bottom of the second tank.

Figure 6, a plan view of steam-pipes in bottom of the lower tank. Figure'l', a detached view ofthe sifter, and

Figure 8 a'view of the cross-bars and pins upon which the sitter rests.

Figure 9 a plan, and

Figure 10 an end view of the stirring-blades or paddles of the apparatus.

Similar letters indicate like parts in'all of the figures.

The nature of our invention consists in the combination, in one apparatus, oftanks specially arranged and adapted for carrying out successively the operati-ons of oxidizing, neutralizing, steaming, and heating for evap eration, oils to be purified under'tbe process invented by STUART` GwYNN, and for which an application for Letters Paten-t is herewith tiled, and of special devices to` be employed in connection with one or more of said tanks for the addition of oxidizing and `neutralizing chemicals to the oils, for stirring and agitating the same, and for detecting the condition of the contents of each tank.

The process for the purification of oils, for which this apparatus is especially designed, will be found fully described in-thc specification for Letters Patent thereon, filed by STUART GWYN'N at the same time with this. Said process involves the followingoperations: A l

First, oxidation: subsidence and deeantation.

Second,- neutralization: subsidence and deo'antation.

Third, steaming: subsidence and decantation.

Fourth, evaporation of volatile matters: subsidence and decantation; and

Fiat, bleaching; Y

In iig. 1, of the accompanying drawings, Are-presents a tank, in which thc first operation in the treatment of the oil is conducted; B, that for the second; C, thatfor the third; and D for the fourth.

These tanks', made of any desirable dimensions, are so supported upon/a framework, E E, or otherwise, as that the top oi' each successive tank in the' order named shall be below the bottom of that preceding it. Each tank is provided with a discharge-cock, F, at the bottomy thereof, for the purpose of cleansing the same, and with a Siphon-tube, @supported by a sliding rest, movngupon and secured to a vertical bar or rod, a, projecting from the upper edge of the tank,- so that the inner end of .the siphon may hc adjusted to any desired height above the bottom ofthe tank into which it is inserted. I v

The tanks are lined with lead, or otherwise made proof against'the action of acids or alkalies, and the tubes, cocks, and other appliances hereinafter described are similarly protected.

In theV upper tank A isplaced a central vertical shaft, l-I, (iig. 2,) provided with ilat arms or blades lfb, arranged te project radially therefrom. The face of each blade is inclined from a horizontal plane, as seen in Vthe end view thereof', (fig. 10,) every alternate blade being inclined in an opposite direction.

The lower end of this stirring-shaft II is supported in a step, I, on the bottom of the tank. Its upper end passes through and is supported by a collar or hearing formed in one or more cross-pieces K K, whose ends are secured to the edge of the tank in such manner as to admit of being readily detached therefrom, to permit the removal ofthe shaft Hand stirring-paddles b. The upper end of the shaft H is {itted with a pinion-wheel, M, into which mesh the teeth of a toothed sector, N, pivoted horizontally upon ono end of the cross-bar K supporting the shaft, and from the sector N extends an arm, c, to' operate the same.

Within the upper portion of the tank, beneath the cross-har K, and encircling the shaft H, is placed a very fine metallic sieve, P. The lower edge of its rim, which is made to lit closely within the tank, is cut away, to form, or is otherwise provided with, ratchet-notches d, figs. 2 and 4, with intermediate inclined surfaces e e resting upon a correspondinfcr number of pinsf, projecting inwardly from the side of the tank. The intervals between the pins and notches are all equal, so that when the notches drop upon the pins, the whole sieve falls to that ext-ent, and a revolution of thesieve upon the pins will cause it to lift equally at all points of itscircumference until the notches reach the next pins and allow the sieve to drop again. As the sieve thus falls, a shock is given thereto, which disengages from the bottom thereof any drops that may accumulate thereon in passing through the same, before they become full and large', thus insuring a distribution, in very small quantities, of the acid or other matter therefrom.A 'The centre e'l' the sieve'is fitted with a collar, la, to encircle loosely the shaft H, so that the contents of the sieve cannot reach the same. Its upper edge is provided with an outwardly-toothed rim, z', (fig. 1,) meshing into a pinion-wheel, W, (figs. 1 and 4,) secured in suitable bearings on the side ofthe tank, and-hy means of which a revolution ofthe sieve about-thc shaft His secured.

A similar revolving sieve, P', is placed in the upper portion of the second tank B, but as in this tank the stirring-shaft H, used in the tank A, isprnitted, cross-hars L L, fig. 8, are secured at a proper point within the tank, from which projects a central pivot, O, fig. 4, to serve as an'axis for the sieve. In this case, the campinsfmay be formed upon the cross-bars L, instead of being made to projectA from or seouredvto the side of the tank.

In the bottom of the tanks B and C we place steam-pipes, (see Q Q in lig. 5, and R R in fig. 6,) for the purpose of heating theircoiitents, and the tank D is also so-construeted as to admit ofA heating its contentsto a temperature of from 25 te 400, either by steam-pipes or otherwise.

Each tank is provided with a. glass indicating-tube, S, arranged at the side thereof, and communicating, by means of a suitable tube and cock, t, with the interior ofthe tank at the bottom thereof. If the communicatingcock tbe opened during the subsidence of the contents-of the tank. the depth of sedimentl therein will appear in the tube, thus enabling)r the operator to decant the clear oil from the sediment without disturbing the latter.

rlhe operations to be effected by-onr apparatus thus constructed are asfollows:

rlhe first tank, A, being filled with linseed or other. oil, the vertical shaft H, with'its paddles is made to revolre alternately in opposite directions with great rapidity, by s. to-and-fro movement of the arm c of its f sector N, so as to cause a violent agitation of tho oil. Se soon as this has commenced, sulphuric acid is placed inthe sieve P, whichis then made to revolve by means of the pinion-wheel W. In cach of its revolutions the i sieve is gradually lifted and suddenly dropped three or more times, according to the number ofits notches and ofthe pins upon which it rests. This disengages from the under side of the sieve the drops of acid which mayY accumulate thereon whilst they' are yet small, insuring a distribution of the acid in the minutest quantities possible. v

After a proper proportion of acid (say about two anda half te five pounds to each one hundred pounds of oil) has thus been added to the oil, and properly mixed, the shaft H and sieve P arc-lifted outV of the tank by means of suitable appliances, (the cross-bars K, forming the upper bearingsof the shaft H, being made detach' able from the tank for this purpose, as hereinbeforc described,) and the oil allowed to stand and settle. Before subsidence commences, and immediately after removing the shaft and sieve, the cock t, communicating with the indicator-tube S, is opened, and the depth of the clear oil, after subsidence, can be at once determined by the depth of sediment in the tube. lhe siphon G isnew inserted into the tank A, as near to the bottom ofthe clear portion of the oil as is desirable, andthe clear oil decanted thereby into the second tank B.

The sediment is next removed from the tank A by means of th'e waste-cock F, the shaft Hdand sieve l replaced, and the ltank A is ready for another measure of oil.

The clear oil-in the tank B is heated therein by means of steam (or hot air) introduced 'in the pipes Q, in the bottom thereof, these pipes having liirst been covered with water before the oil was introduced. We prefer to make small perforations in the pipes -Q when steam is used, to allow the steam to vescape therefrom and pass up through the eil. Into the oil thus heated, milk of caustic lime is introduced by means of the sieve P', which is made to revolve, and-is shaken by the same method as has been described in reference to the sieve P on the tank A.

When the acidity ofthe oil has thus been properly neutralized, the cock of the indicator S, in this tank, is opened and the oil allowed te subside until separated from all sediment,` and the clear oil is then decanted, means ot' the siphou attached to the tank, into the third tank C, where it is submitted for a suitable time to the action of free steam forced into and passing up through the same from lthe steam-pipes R R, iig. 6, which are perforated with numerous line apertures for this purpose. l

After being allowed to subside in this tank C, the clear oil -is aga-in decanted into the fourth tank, D, (by means of theeonneeting sipl1ontubc,) in which it is heated by means of steam or hot-air pipes in the tank, or otherwise, to 215 and upwards, until all the aqueous particles and volatile matters foreign to theoil are'evaporated, when itis finally carried into bleaching-vate, and exposed to the action of light, until it becomes as colorless as required` Havinfcr thus fully described our improved apparatus, and the manner of using the same, we claim therein as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patentl Y I 1. The within-described combination and arrangement, usuccessiveiy lower planes, of an oxidizing-tank,

l A, provided with a detachable stirring-shaft, H, and diusingsieve P; a nutralizing-tank, B', with sievel at top, and steam'or hot-air pipes Q within the samn;V a steamingftank, C, containing suitable 'steam-jet pipes R, and an evaporatingftank or vessel, D, the Whole being adapte and made to operate for the refinement of oils, ashas been herein set forth. p f y l 2.V In combination with the tanks A, 13,0, and D of our apparatus, we claim outer vertical glass indicatingtubes S, communicating with the b'ottoms of said tanks, and operating as herein described.

3. We claim the within-described combination of inclined or vcam-surfaccs and suitable` notches, formed upon a. revolving sieve, P, with pins supporting tbc same, when arranged and operating to lift and drop the sieve in its revolutions, substantially as herein set forth.

As witnessour hands hereto.

STUART GWYNN. S. M. CLARK'. Witnesses as to STUART GWYNN:

W. G. MONROE, i L. BOUVIER. Witnesses as to S. M. CLARK:

ZTHos. W. FoWLEn, A. A. BROOKE 

